MİLLİ MİMARİ AKIMLARIN ÇAĞDAŞ TASARIMDA OKUNMASI: CITY’S NİŞANTAŞI ALIŞVERİŞ MERKEZİ ÖRNEĞİ

Abstract

20. yüzyılın başlarında oluşan toplumsal dinamikler, ortalarına gelindiğindedeğişmeye ve çeşitlenmeye başlamıştır. Farklı çalışma disiplinlerinde benzer yansımalarmeydana getiren bu değişim, mimariye biçim çoğulculuğu olarak yansımıştır. Nasılpolitikada neoliberalizme, ekonomide küreselleşmeye, felsefede postyapısalcılığa varansüreçler yaşandıysa, mimarlıkta 1950’lerde başlayıp, 1970 ve 1980 arası dönemde izlerini netbir şekilde okuyabildiğimiz postmodernizme dönüşüm süreci yaşamıştır. Postmodernizm,kökleri modernizme dayanan, modernizmin eski neyse ona karşı yeni olma halindenbeslenen bir akımdır. Modernizm sonrası şekillenen ortam için yeni şeyler yapılmasıgerektiği, eskinin artık geçersiz olduğu ortaya konmuş; mimari de dâhil olmak üzere, farklıdisiplinler öz sorgulamalarını yapmıştır. Sonuçta mimaride, modern mimarlık anlayışınıneskiyi reddetme tavrı terkedilmiş, geçmiş mimari deneyimler ve biçimlerle bağ kurmakamacıyla biçimsel göndermeler yapılmıştır. Çalışmada; tasarım kararları doğrultusunda"hep oradaymış hissi" vermek üzere eskiye göndermeler yapan City’s Nişantaşı AlışverişMerkezi; ticari, sosyal ve mimari bir nesne olarak incelenmiştir. Postmodern üsluptatasarlanan merkezde bilinçli olarak, Birinci Milli Mimari Akım’a göndermeler yapılmıştır.Aynı zamanda yapının; anıtsal, rasyonalist ve süslemeden uzak görünüşü İkinci MilliMimari Akım’a da göndermeler yapmaktadır. Bunların yanında, ticari kurguları geçmiştengünümüze hâlihazırda şekillenmiş olan eski yerleşim merkezinde inşa edilen bu çağdaşmimarlık örneğinin tasarımında başvurulan mimari göndermeler de analiz edilmiştir.

The social dynamics that emerged at the beginning of the twentieth century began to change and diversify in the middle. This change, which produced similar reflections in different working disciplines, was reflected in the form pluralism of architecture. Just as in the theory of knowledge, there were processes leading to poststructuralism, neoliberalism in politics, and globalization in the economy; also, pluralism, i.e. postmodernism has been experienced in architecture. This process began in the 1950s, and was clearly seen between 1970s and 1980s. Postmodernism is a movement that is rooted in modernism, nourished by the state of modernism being new to what is old. However, post-modernism advances have now shown that new things need to be done for the environment, which is shaped according to the conditions of the period, and that the old one was no longer valid. During the same period, disciplines that made their self-enquiries, including architecture, began to establish analogies with language. This was reflected in architecture as formal pluralism, but also as an architectural object, a product of discourse and the basis of new discourses. As a result, form pluralism was achieved in architectural shaping by indirect form references. These references take advantage of the characteristics of anything historical or non-historical. The City’s Nisantası Shopping Center, which makes references to the past to give "the feeling of always being there" in line with design decisions, was examined as a commercial, social and architectural object. The (shopping) center has tried to find a place within the old commercial fictions with a number of formulas developed. For this purpose, as a result of design decisions and some administrative decisions, diversification has occurred in the region’s user base. This has had important impacts to the use of the area and (shopping) center in terms of social relations. In the article, after examining the social environment created by the location of the center, which in many respects links between the old and the new, the (shopping) center was examined as an architectural object. In the area where luxury mansions were built during the first settlement period and luxury apartments and shops were shaped after the architectural trends developed in the country; references to the former were made in order to make the center accepted as an architectural object. Of these references, the 1st National Architectural Movement was consciously applied. This concept of design leads us to the postmodern architectural trend in terms of style. However, the monumental, rationalist and unadorned appearance of the structure also refers to the 2nd National Architectural Movement. Therefore, the results of contemporary architecture designed in the old settlement center were analyzed in different areas.